Manchester NMR Methodology Group

The spin echo is the single most important building block in modern NMR spectroscopy, but echo modulation by scalar couplings J can severely complicate its use. A general solution to such complications exists and can be exploited to give clean experiments for the measurement of T₂ or the suppression of species with short T₂, or for the suppression of J modulation in WATERGATE based solvent suppression.

Suppression of the water signal in semi-skimmed milk using a) conventional WATERGATE and b) with Perfect-Echo WATERGATE.

Pulse sequences can be downloaded here

Aguilar JA, Nilsson M, Bodenhausen G, Morris GA, 2012 Spin echo NMR spectra without J modulation. Chemical Communications. 48, 811.

Adams RW, Holroyd CM, Aguilar JA, Nilsson M, Morris GA, In Press “Perfecting” WATERGATE: clean proton NMR spectra from aqueous solution. Chemical Communications.